28 november 2007

De glömda flyktingarna

Det är rubriken på en artikel i Sydsvenskan av Mats Skogkär. Det är även en direkt översättning av titeln på en film, The forgotten refugees. Det är även adressen till filmens hemsida, med mycket informationsmaterial, theforgottenrefugees.com.


Vad handlar dessa om? Precis som det låter, det handlar om ett bortglömt flyktingproblem. Eller ska man säga ett nonchalerat flyktingproblem? Eller kanske rentav ett av politiska skäl undanskuffat flyktingproblem?

Läsare av denna blogg förstår nog att det handlar om judiska flyktingar från arabländerna och Iran, en skara på ca 900.000, ungefär 150.000 fler än de långtifrån bortglömda palestinska flyktingarna.

En annan artikel på samma tema hittar vi i Gotlands Allehanda häromdagen. Ett ämne som det aktivt tigits om i mer än ett halvt sekel nämns två (!) gånger på en knapp vecka i svenska (!!) medier.

Det är inget sammanträffande. För det första är det idag (29:e) 60 år sedan FN antog sin delningsplan för det brittiska Palestinamandatet, och för det andra hade nyligen JJAC ett möte i New York (i vilket jag personligen deltog).

JJAC står för Justice for Jews from Arab Countries. Vid mötet lades fram 9 dokument som tillsammans visar hur arabförbundets medlemmar samordnade sina åtgärder med syftet att slänga ut sin judiska befolkning, lägga beslag på deras tillgångar och använda dessa tillgångar i sitt krig mot judarna i det som skulle bli staten Israel. Dokumenten är daterade från 24/11 1947 till 21/6 1948, åtta av dem kommer från FNs arkiv, det nionde är en artikel ur New York Times.

Det finns både likheter och olikheter mellan de bortglömda judiska flyktingarna från arabvärlden och de palestinska flyktingarna. Båda har de blivit av med allt de ägde och hade. Båda hamnade i tältläger. Där slutar likheterna.

Olikheterna är lättare att räkna upp:
  • Palestinierna är världens mesta mottagare av ekonomiskt bistånd per capita. De judiska flyktingarna har inte fått ett öre.
  • Palestinierna har, till skillnad från andra flyktingar, ett eget FN-organ, UNRWA. De judiska flyktingarna har, till skillnad från andra flyktingar, inte ens fått hjälp från FNs "ordinarie" flyktingorgan, UNHCR.
  • Palestinierna flydde under ett krig de själva startat, när den gryende staten Israel kämpade för sin fysiska överlevnad. De judiska flyktingarna flydde från ett religiöst förtryck de levt under i 1300 år.
  • Palestinierna flydde oftast några kilometer. De judiska flyktingarna oftast hundratals mil.

Mats Skogkär refererar till en utmärkt artikel i Wall Street Journal. För att läsa den, klicka på bilden nedan.

Ett talande klipp ur Skogkärs artikel:
Lozowick konstaterar: ”Israel gav de judiska flyktingarna ett hem, medan arabstaterna gav palestinierna permanenta läger.” Historikern och Mellanösternexperten Bernard Lewis gjorde i en artikel i Wall Street Journal i måndags en liknande reflektion. I Jordanien fick palestinierna visserligen en form av medborgarskap, men de fick stanna i lägren. I övriga arabstater har palestinierna förblivit statslösa främlingar utan rättigheter, utan möjligheter, försörjda genom FN:organet UNRWA:s försorg. ”Om en palestinier däremot flydde till Storbritannien eller USA kunde han, paradoxalt nog, få medborgarskap efter fem år och hans barn som föddes i det nya landet blev medborgare där vid födseln. Men om han begav sig av till Syrien, Libanon eller Irak, förblev han och hans efterkommande, nu på väg mot fjärde och femte generationen, statslösa.”
Den judiske författaren Albert Memmi, född i Tunisien, skrev ett öppet brev till Khadaffi 1973, som mycket väl fångar världens svek. Men först bakgrunden:

För 60 år sen bodde ca 38.000 judar i Libyen. De flesta tvingades fly, många mördades. 1970 konfiskerades judarnas kvarlämnade ägodelar. Libyska judar i exil i Italien protesterade, och därpå följde en officiell libysk inbjudan till judarna att återvända och en försäkran att alla ägodelar skulle återlämnas. Vid det laget fanns bara några hundra judar kvar i Libyen, och de hade nyligen förbjudits att lämna landet ens för kortare utlandsbesök.

Inga judar nappade på det generösa erbjudandet. Det finns idag inte en enda jude kvar i Libyen.

Detta är vad Memmi skrev:
Is it true that you have said that the Jews have always lived at peace in the Arab countries? And that you have nothing against Jews, only Zionists? ...

The error which may have been made at Deir Yassine is constantly being thrown in our faces. Ah, but we have undergone a hundred Deir Yassines, a thousand Deir Yassines! And not only in Russia, Germany or Poland, but also at the hand of Arab people; yet the world has never been upset over it! ...

... if you really wanted to avoid having us come together on this particular bit of land, ... Israel ... , then why did you hound us and expel us from the regions over which your power extends? ...

Do you believe that the Jews born in Arab countries can go back and live in the countries from which they were expelled, before being plundered and massacred? ...

... your constant affirmation [is] of the unity of the Arab nation... When you come right down to it, the Palestinian Arabs' misfortune is having been moved about thirty miles within one vast nation. Is that so serious? Our own misfortune, as Jews from the Arab countries, is much much greater, for we have been moved thousands of miles away, after having also lost everything. And today [we] are ... half the population of Israel. ... And no one has the right to challenge our possibility of taking in our past and also, alas!, our future survivors.
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